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Anderson, Christopher J., et al. Losers' Consent: Elections and Democratic Legitimacy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Bjornlund, Eric. Beyond Free and Fair: Monitoring Elections and Building Democracy, Chapter 3, Monitoring Elections and Building Democracy (PDF). Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, and Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.

Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation. Text available in English http://www.cartercenter.org/documents/2231.pdf

Diamond, Larry and Marc F. Plattner, eds. Electoral Systems and Democracy. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006 (forthcoming).

Erikkson, Anders, ed. A Handbook for EU Election Observation Missions. Network of Europeans for Electoral and Democracy Support, 2002. http://www.needs-network.org/pdfs/Handbook-for-EUEOMS-Eng.pdf

Farrell, David M. Electoral Systems: A Comparative Introduction. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2001.

Grofman, Bernard and Arend Lijphart, eds. Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences. New York: Algora Publishing, 2003.

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International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Code of Conduct for Political Parties: Campaigning in Democratic Elections. Stockholm: International Idea, 1999. http://www.idea.int/publications/coc_campaigning/upload/polparties.pdf

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Code of Conduct for the Ethical and Professional Observation of Elections, 1997. http://www.idea.int/publications/conduct_admin/upload/adm_english.pdf

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Youth Voter Participation: Involving Today’s Young in Tomorrow’s Democracy, 1999. http://www.idea.int/publications/youth_participation/index.cfm

Katz, Richard. Democracy and Elections. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Kirshner, Alexander. “The International Status of the Right to Vote,” Democracy Coalition Project, 2003, http://www.demcoalition.org/pdf/International_Status_of_the_Right_to_Vote.pdf

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Lijphart, Arend. Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

O’Grady, Paul, et al. Promoting and Defending Democracy: The Work of Domestic Election Observer Groups Around the World. Network of Europeans for Electoral and Democracy Support. http://www.needs-network.org/pdfs/Promoting-and-Defend.pdf

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Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Election Observation: A Decade of Monitoring Elections: The People and the Practice. 2005 http://www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2005/11/17148_478_en.pdf

Principles for Election Management, Monitoring and Observation in the SADC Region. Johannesburg, South Africa: Electoral Institute of Southern Africa, 2003. http://www.eisa.org.za/PDF/pemmo.pdf

Reynolds, Andrew, et al., eds. Electoral Systems Design: The New International IDEA Handbook. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2005. http://www.idea.int/publications/esd/upload/ESD_full_with%20final%20changes%20inserted.pdf

Santa-Cruz, Arturo. International Election Monitoring, Sovereignty and the Western Hemisphere Idea: The Emergence of an International Norm. New York: Routledge, 2005.

Soudriette, Richard W. and Andrew Ellis. “Electoral Systems Today: A Global Snapshot.” Journal of Democracy, vol. 17, no. 2 (April 2006): pp. 78-88.

Stevens, Mark and Anders Erikkson, eds. Benchmarks for Electoral Standards: A Guide for EUEOMs. Network of Europeans for Electoral and Democracy Support. http://www.needs-network.org/pdfs/Benchmarks-for-Elect.pdf