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U.S. Department of State Publications

The Supreme Court of the United States: Highest Court in the Land

Access to the Courts: Equal Justice for All

The Importance of Judicial Independence

The Changing Face of U.S. Courts

Independence of the Judiciary

Rule of Law

U.S. Legal System

Democracy Papers: The Role of Independent Judiciary

General Bibliography

Abraham, Henry. The Judicial Process: An Introductory Analysis of the Courts of the United States, England, and France. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998.

American Bar Association. Commission on the Separation of Powers and Judicial Independence. An Independent Judiciary: Report of the ABA Commission on Separation of Powers and Judicial Independence. Washington, DC: American Bar Association, 1997. http://www.abanet.org/govaffairs/judiciary/report.html

Badinter, Robert and Stephen Breyer, eds. Judges in Contemporary Democracy: An International Conversation. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2004.

Brown, Nathan. Constitutions in a Non-Constitutional World: Arab Basic Laws and Prospects for Accountable Government SUNY Press, 2001.

Brown, Nathan. The Rule of Law in the Arab World: Courts in Egypt and the Arab States of the Gulf Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Burbank, Steven and Barry Friedman, eds. Judicial Independence at the Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2002.

Carp, Robert A. and Ronald Stidham, eds. The Judicial Process in America. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2001.

Centre for the Independence of Judges and Lawyers. CJIL Yearbook: Universal Aspects of Judicial Independence. Geneva, Switzerland: International Commission of Jurists, 2000.

Ginsburg, Tom. Judicial Review in New Democracies: Constitutional Courts in East Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Gloppen, Siri, Roberto Gargarella and Elin Skaar (eds.). Democratization and the Judiciary. London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2003.

Guarnieri, Carlo, Patrizia Pederzoli and C.A. Thomas, eds. The Power of Judges: A Comparative Study of Courts and Democracy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Hall, Kermit L. and Kevin T. McGuire, eds. The Judicial Branch. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Murphy, Walter F., C. Herman Pritchett and Lee Epstein, eds. Courts, Judges and Politics: An Introduction to the Judicial Process. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2006.

O’Brien, David M. Judges on Judging: Views from the Bench. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2003.

Russell, Peter H. and David M. O’Brien, eds. Judicial Independence in the Age of Democracy: Critical Perspectives from Around the World. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2001.

Sajo, Andras ed. Judicial Integrity. Leiden, Netherlands, Brill Academic Publishers, 2004.

Scheppele, Kim Lane. “Declarations of Independence: Judicial Reactions to Political Pressure,” in Burbank and Friedman, eds. Judicial Independence at the Crossroads. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2002.

Sherif, Adel Omar and Nathan Brown.Judicial Independence in the Arab World http://www.pogar.org/publications/judiciary/sherif/jud-independence.pdf (PDF 213 KB)

United Nations. Background Note: Independence of the Judiciary: A Human Rights Priority. New York, NY: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1996. http://www.un.org/rights/dpi1837e.htm

U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Democracy and Governance, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance. “Guidance for Promoting Judicial Independence and Impartiality,” Washington, DC: U.S. Agency for International Development, 2002. http://www.ifes.org/files/rule-of-law/judicial_independence.pdf (PDF 1.62 MB)

Widner, Jennifer A. Building the Rule of Law: Francis Nyalali and the Road to Judicial Independence in Africa. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001.